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Divergent serum metabolomic, skeletal muscle signaling, transcriptomic, and performance adaptations to fasted versus whey protein-fed sprint interval training
Sprint interval training (SIT) is a time-efficient alternative to endurance exercise, conferring beneficial skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations. Current literature has investigated the nutritional regulation of acute and chronic exercise-induced metabolic adaptations in muscle following endurance...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Physiological Society
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8906818/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34747202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00265.2021 |
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author | Aird, Tom P. Farquharson, Andrew J. Bermingham, Kate M. O’Sulllivan, Aifric Drew, Janice E. Carson, Brian P. |
author_facet | Aird, Tom P. Farquharson, Andrew J. Bermingham, Kate M. O’Sulllivan, Aifric Drew, Janice E. Carson, Brian P. |
author_sort | Aird, Tom P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sprint interval training (SIT) is a time-efficient alternative to endurance exercise, conferring beneficial skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations. Current literature has investigated the nutritional regulation of acute and chronic exercise-induced metabolic adaptations in muscle following endurance exercise, principally comparing the impact of training in fasted and carbohydrate-fed (CHO) conditions. Alternative strategies such as exercising in low CHO, protein-fed conditions remain poorly characterized, specifically pertaining to adaptations associated with SIT. Thus, this study aimed to compare the metabolic and performance adaptations to acute and short-term SIT in the fasted state with preexercise hydrolyzed (WPH) or concentrated (WPC) whey protein supplementation. In healthy males, preexercise protein ingestion did not alter exercise-induced increases in PGC-1α, PDK4, SIRT1, and PPAR-δ mRNA expression following acute SIT. However, supplementation of WPH beneficially altered acute exercise-induced CD36 mRNA expression. Preexercise protein ingestion attenuated acute exercise-induced increases in muscle pan-acetylation and PARP1 protein content compared with fasted SIT. Acute serum metabolomic differences confirmed greater preexercise amino acid delivery in protein-fed compared with fasted conditions. Following 3 wk of SIT, training-induced increases in mitochondrial enzymatic activity and exercise performance were similar across nutritional groups. Interestingly, resting muscle acetylation status was downregulated in WPH conditions following training. Such findings suggest preexercise WPC and WPH ingestion positively influences metabolic adaptations to SIT compared with fasted training, resulting in either similar or enhanced performance adaptations. Future studies investigating nutritional modulation of metabolic adaptations to exercise are warranted to build upon these novel findings. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These are the first data to show the influence of preexercise protein on serum and skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations to acute and short-term sprint interval training (SIT). Preexercise whey protein concentrate (WPC) or hydrolysate (WPH) feeding acutely affected the serum metabolome, which differentially influenced acute and chronic changes in mitochondrial gene expression, intracellular signaling (acetylation and PARylation) resulting in either similar or enhanced performance outcomes when compared with fasted training. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8906818 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | American Physiological Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89068182022-03-16 Divergent serum metabolomic, skeletal muscle signaling, transcriptomic, and performance adaptations to fasted versus whey protein-fed sprint interval training Aird, Tom P. Farquharson, Andrew J. Bermingham, Kate M. O’Sulllivan, Aifric Drew, Janice E. Carson, Brian P. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Research Article Sprint interval training (SIT) is a time-efficient alternative to endurance exercise, conferring beneficial skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations. Current literature has investigated the nutritional regulation of acute and chronic exercise-induced metabolic adaptations in muscle following endurance exercise, principally comparing the impact of training in fasted and carbohydrate-fed (CHO) conditions. Alternative strategies such as exercising in low CHO, protein-fed conditions remain poorly characterized, specifically pertaining to adaptations associated with SIT. Thus, this study aimed to compare the metabolic and performance adaptations to acute and short-term SIT in the fasted state with preexercise hydrolyzed (WPH) or concentrated (WPC) whey protein supplementation. In healthy males, preexercise protein ingestion did not alter exercise-induced increases in PGC-1α, PDK4, SIRT1, and PPAR-δ mRNA expression following acute SIT. However, supplementation of WPH beneficially altered acute exercise-induced CD36 mRNA expression. Preexercise protein ingestion attenuated acute exercise-induced increases in muscle pan-acetylation and PARP1 protein content compared with fasted SIT. Acute serum metabolomic differences confirmed greater preexercise amino acid delivery in protein-fed compared with fasted conditions. Following 3 wk of SIT, training-induced increases in mitochondrial enzymatic activity and exercise performance were similar across nutritional groups. Interestingly, resting muscle acetylation status was downregulated in WPH conditions following training. Such findings suggest preexercise WPC and WPH ingestion positively influences metabolic adaptations to SIT compared with fasted training, resulting in either similar or enhanced performance adaptations. Future studies investigating nutritional modulation of metabolic adaptations to exercise are warranted to build upon these novel findings. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These are the first data to show the influence of preexercise protein on serum and skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations to acute and short-term sprint interval training (SIT). Preexercise whey protein concentrate (WPC) or hydrolysate (WPH) feeding acutely affected the serum metabolome, which differentially influenced acute and chronic changes in mitochondrial gene expression, intracellular signaling (acetylation and PARylation) resulting in either similar or enhanced performance outcomes when compared with fasted training. American Physiological Society 2021-12-01 2021-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8906818/ /pubmed/34747202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00265.2021 Text en Copyright © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . Published by the American Physiological Society. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Aird, Tom P. Farquharson, Andrew J. Bermingham, Kate M. O’Sulllivan, Aifric Drew, Janice E. Carson, Brian P. Divergent serum metabolomic, skeletal muscle signaling, transcriptomic, and performance adaptations to fasted versus whey protein-fed sprint interval training |
title | Divergent serum metabolomic, skeletal muscle signaling, transcriptomic, and performance adaptations to fasted versus whey protein-fed sprint interval training |
title_full | Divergent serum metabolomic, skeletal muscle signaling, transcriptomic, and performance adaptations to fasted versus whey protein-fed sprint interval training |
title_fullStr | Divergent serum metabolomic, skeletal muscle signaling, transcriptomic, and performance adaptations to fasted versus whey protein-fed sprint interval training |
title_full_unstemmed | Divergent serum metabolomic, skeletal muscle signaling, transcriptomic, and performance adaptations to fasted versus whey protein-fed sprint interval training |
title_short | Divergent serum metabolomic, skeletal muscle signaling, transcriptomic, and performance adaptations to fasted versus whey protein-fed sprint interval training |
title_sort | divergent serum metabolomic, skeletal muscle signaling, transcriptomic, and performance adaptations to fasted versus whey protein-fed sprint interval training |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8906818/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34747202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00265.2021 |
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