Safety assessment of graphene oxide and microcystin-LR complex: a toxicological scenario beyond physical mixture
BACKGROUND: Nanomaterials have been widely used in electrochemistry, sensors, medicine among others applications, causing its inevitable environmental exposure. A raising question is the “carrier” effect due to unique surface properties of nanomaterials, which may collectively impact the bioavailabi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8988332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35392949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-022-00466-x |
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author | Ma, Ying Ding, Xiaomeng Liu, Qing Pang, Yanting Cao, Yuna Zhang, Ting |
author_facet | Ma, Ying Ding, Xiaomeng Liu, Qing Pang, Yanting Cao, Yuna Zhang, Ting |
author_sort | Ma, Ying |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Nanomaterials have been widely used in electrochemistry, sensors, medicine among others applications, causing its inevitable environmental exposure. A raising question is the “carrier” effect due to unique surface properties of nanomaterials, which may collectively impact the bioavailability, toxicokinetic, distribution and biological effects of classic toxicants. Noteworthy, this aspect of information remains largely unexplored. METHODS: Here, we deliberately selected two entities to mimic this scenario. One is graphene oxide (GO), which is made in ton quantity with huge surface-area that provides hydrophilicity and π–π interaction to certain chemicals of unique structures. The other is Microcystin-LR (MCLR), a representative double-bond rich liver-toxic endotoxin widely distributed in aquatic-system. Firstly, the adsorption of GO and MCLR after meeting under environmental conditions was explored, and then we focused on the toxicological effect and related mechanism of GO-MCLR complex on human skin cutin forming cells (HaCaT cells) and normal liver cells (L02 cells). RESULTS: Abiotically, our study demonstrated that GO could effectively adsorb MCLR through hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction, the oxidation degree of GO-MCLR decreased significantly and surface defect level raised. Compared to GO or MCLR, GO-MCLR was found to induce more remarkable apoptosis and ferroptosis in both HaCaT and L02 cells. The underlying mechanism was that GO-MCLR induced stronger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mtROS generation, followed by Fe(2+) accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeletal damage. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the GO-MCLR complex formed by GO adsorption of MCLR may exhibit more toxic effects than the single material, which demonstrates the necessity for assessing nano-toxicant complexity. Our discovery may serve as a new toxicological paradigm in which nanomaterial mediated surface adsorption effects could impact the degree of cytotoxicity and toxicological mechanisms of classic toxins. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00466-x. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8988332 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89883322022-04-08 Safety assessment of graphene oxide and microcystin-LR complex: a toxicological scenario beyond physical mixture Ma, Ying Ding, Xiaomeng Liu, Qing Pang, Yanting Cao, Yuna Zhang, Ting Part Fibre Toxicol Research BACKGROUND: Nanomaterials have been widely used in electrochemistry, sensors, medicine among others applications, causing its inevitable environmental exposure. A raising question is the “carrier” effect due to unique surface properties of nanomaterials, which may collectively impact the bioavailability, toxicokinetic, distribution and biological effects of classic toxicants. Noteworthy, this aspect of information remains largely unexplored. METHODS: Here, we deliberately selected two entities to mimic this scenario. One is graphene oxide (GO), which is made in ton quantity with huge surface-area that provides hydrophilicity and π–π interaction to certain chemicals of unique structures. The other is Microcystin-LR (MCLR), a representative double-bond rich liver-toxic endotoxin widely distributed in aquatic-system. Firstly, the adsorption of GO and MCLR after meeting under environmental conditions was explored, and then we focused on the toxicological effect and related mechanism of GO-MCLR complex on human skin cutin forming cells (HaCaT cells) and normal liver cells (L02 cells). RESULTS: Abiotically, our study demonstrated that GO could effectively adsorb MCLR through hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction, the oxidation degree of GO-MCLR decreased significantly and surface defect level raised. Compared to GO or MCLR, GO-MCLR was found to induce more remarkable apoptosis and ferroptosis in both HaCaT and L02 cells. The underlying mechanism was that GO-MCLR induced stronger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mtROS generation, followed by Fe(2+) accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeletal damage. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the GO-MCLR complex formed by GO adsorption of MCLR may exhibit more toxic effects than the single material, which demonstrates the necessity for assessing nano-toxicant complexity. Our discovery may serve as a new toxicological paradigm in which nanomaterial mediated surface adsorption effects could impact the degree of cytotoxicity and toxicological mechanisms of classic toxins. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00466-x. BioMed Central 2022-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8988332/ /pubmed/35392949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-022-00466-x Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Ma, Ying Ding, Xiaomeng Liu, Qing Pang, Yanting Cao, Yuna Zhang, Ting Safety assessment of graphene oxide and microcystin-LR complex: a toxicological scenario beyond physical mixture |
title | Safety assessment of graphene oxide and microcystin-LR complex: a toxicological scenario beyond physical mixture |
title_full | Safety assessment of graphene oxide and microcystin-LR complex: a toxicological scenario beyond physical mixture |
title_fullStr | Safety assessment of graphene oxide and microcystin-LR complex: a toxicological scenario beyond physical mixture |
title_full_unstemmed | Safety assessment of graphene oxide and microcystin-LR complex: a toxicological scenario beyond physical mixture |
title_short | Safety assessment of graphene oxide and microcystin-LR complex: a toxicological scenario beyond physical mixture |
title_sort | safety assessment of graphene oxide and microcystin-lr complex: a toxicological scenario beyond physical mixture |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8988332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35392949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-022-00466-x |
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