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Physiological characterization of the wild almond Prunus arabica stem photosynthetic capability

Leaves are the major plant tissue for transpiration and carbon fixation in deciduous trees. In harsh habitats, atmospheric CO(2) assimilation via stem photosynthesis is common, providing extra carbon gain to cope with the detrimental conditions. We studied two almond species, the commercial Prunus d...

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Autores principales: Trainin, Taly, Brukental, Hillel, Shapira, Or, Attia, Ziv, Tiwari, Vivekanand, Hatib, Kamel, Gal, Shira, Zemach, Hanita, Belausov, Eduard, Charuvi, Dana, Holland, Doron, Azoulay-Shemer, Tamar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9372545/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35968090
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.941504
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author Trainin, Taly
Brukental, Hillel
Shapira, Or
Attia, Ziv
Tiwari, Vivekanand
Hatib, Kamel
Gal, Shira
Zemach, Hanita
Belausov, Eduard
Charuvi, Dana
Holland, Doron
Azoulay-Shemer, Tamar
author_facet Trainin, Taly
Brukental, Hillel
Shapira, Or
Attia, Ziv
Tiwari, Vivekanand
Hatib, Kamel
Gal, Shira
Zemach, Hanita
Belausov, Eduard
Charuvi, Dana
Holland, Doron
Azoulay-Shemer, Tamar
author_sort Trainin, Taly
collection PubMed
description Leaves are the major plant tissue for transpiration and carbon fixation in deciduous trees. In harsh habitats, atmospheric CO(2) assimilation via stem photosynthesis is common, providing extra carbon gain to cope with the detrimental conditions. We studied two almond species, the commercial Prunus dulcis cultivar “Um-el-Fahem” and the rare wild Prunus arabica. Our study revealed two distinctive strategies for carbon gain in these almond species. While, in P. dulcis, leaves possess the major photosynthetic surface area, in P. arabica, green stems perform this function, in particular during the winter after leaf drop. These two species' anatomical and physiological comparisons show that P. arabica carries unique features that support stem gas exchange and high-gross photosynthetic rates via stem photosynthetic capabilities (SPC). On the other hand, P. dulcis stems contribute low gross photosynthesis levels, as they are designed solely for reassimilation of CO(2) from respiration, which is termed stem recycling photosynthesis (SRP). Results show that (a) P. arabica stems are covered with a high density of sunken stomata, in contrast to the stomata on P. dulcis stems, which disappear under a thick peridermal (bark) layer by their second year of development. (b) P. arabica stems contain significantly higher levels of chlorophyll compartmentalized to a mesophyll-like, chloroplast-rich, parenchyma layer, in contrast to rounded-shape cells of P. dulcis's stem parenchyma. (c) Pulse amplitude-modulated (PAM) fluorometry of P. arabica and P. dulcis stems revealed differences in the chlorophyll fluorescence and quenching parameters between the two species. (d) Gas exchange analysis showed that guard cells of P. arabica stems tightly regulate water loss under elevated temperatures while maintaining constant and high assimilation rates throughout the stem. Our data show that P. arabica uses a distinctive strategy for tree carbon gain via stem photosynthetic capability, which is regulated efficiently under harsh environmental conditions, such as elevated temperatures. These findings are highly important and can be used to develop new almond cultivars with agriculturally essential traits.
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spelling pubmed-93725452022-08-13 Physiological characterization of the wild almond Prunus arabica stem photosynthetic capability Trainin, Taly Brukental, Hillel Shapira, Or Attia, Ziv Tiwari, Vivekanand Hatib, Kamel Gal, Shira Zemach, Hanita Belausov, Eduard Charuvi, Dana Holland, Doron Azoulay-Shemer, Tamar Front Plant Sci Plant Science Leaves are the major plant tissue for transpiration and carbon fixation in deciduous trees. In harsh habitats, atmospheric CO(2) assimilation via stem photosynthesis is common, providing extra carbon gain to cope with the detrimental conditions. We studied two almond species, the commercial Prunus dulcis cultivar “Um-el-Fahem” and the rare wild Prunus arabica. Our study revealed two distinctive strategies for carbon gain in these almond species. While, in P. dulcis, leaves possess the major photosynthetic surface area, in P. arabica, green stems perform this function, in particular during the winter after leaf drop. These two species' anatomical and physiological comparisons show that P. arabica carries unique features that support stem gas exchange and high-gross photosynthetic rates via stem photosynthetic capabilities (SPC). On the other hand, P. dulcis stems contribute low gross photosynthesis levels, as they are designed solely for reassimilation of CO(2) from respiration, which is termed stem recycling photosynthesis (SRP). Results show that (a) P. arabica stems are covered with a high density of sunken stomata, in contrast to the stomata on P. dulcis stems, which disappear under a thick peridermal (bark) layer by their second year of development. (b) P. arabica stems contain significantly higher levels of chlorophyll compartmentalized to a mesophyll-like, chloroplast-rich, parenchyma layer, in contrast to rounded-shape cells of P. dulcis's stem parenchyma. (c) Pulse amplitude-modulated (PAM) fluorometry of P. arabica and P. dulcis stems revealed differences in the chlorophyll fluorescence and quenching parameters between the two species. (d) Gas exchange analysis showed that guard cells of P. arabica stems tightly regulate water loss under elevated temperatures while maintaining constant and high assimilation rates throughout the stem. Our data show that P. arabica uses a distinctive strategy for tree carbon gain via stem photosynthetic capability, which is regulated efficiently under harsh environmental conditions, such as elevated temperatures. These findings are highly important and can be used to develop new almond cultivars with agriculturally essential traits. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9372545/ /pubmed/35968090 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.941504 Text en Copyright © 2022 Trainin, Brukental, Shapira, Attia, Tiwari, Hatib, Gal, Zemach, Belausov, Charuvi, Holland and Azoulay-Shemer. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Trainin, Taly
Brukental, Hillel
Shapira, Or
Attia, Ziv
Tiwari, Vivekanand
Hatib, Kamel
Gal, Shira
Zemach, Hanita
Belausov, Eduard
Charuvi, Dana
Holland, Doron
Azoulay-Shemer, Tamar
Physiological characterization of the wild almond Prunus arabica stem photosynthetic capability
title Physiological characterization of the wild almond Prunus arabica stem photosynthetic capability
title_full Physiological characterization of the wild almond Prunus arabica stem photosynthetic capability
title_fullStr Physiological characterization of the wild almond Prunus arabica stem photosynthetic capability
title_full_unstemmed Physiological characterization of the wild almond Prunus arabica stem photosynthetic capability
title_short Physiological characterization of the wild almond Prunus arabica stem photosynthetic capability
title_sort physiological characterization of the wild almond prunus arabica stem photosynthetic capability
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9372545/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35968090
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.941504
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