Developmental expression of the alpha-skeletal actin gene
BACKGROUND: Actin is a cytoskeletal protein which exerts a broad range of functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. In higher vertebrates, six primary actin isoforms can be distinguished: alpha-skeletal, alpha-cardiac, alpha-smooth muscle, gamma-smooth muscle, beta-cytoplasmic and gamma-cytoplasmic...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2008
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2443135/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18518953 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-166 |
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author | Bertola, Laura D Ott, Elisabeth B Griepsma, Sander Vonk, Freek J Bagowski, Christoph P |
author_facet | Bertola, Laura D Ott, Elisabeth B Griepsma, Sander Vonk, Freek J Bagowski, Christoph P |
author_sort | Bertola, Laura D |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Actin is a cytoskeletal protein which exerts a broad range of functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. In higher vertebrates, six primary actin isoforms can be distinguished: alpha-skeletal, alpha-cardiac, alpha-smooth muscle, gamma-smooth muscle, beta-cytoplasmic and gamma-cytoplasmic isoactin. Expression of these actin isoforms during vertebrate development is highly regulated in a temporal and tissue-specific manner, but the mechanisms and the specific differences are currently not well understood. All members of the actin multigene family are highly conserved, suggesting that there is a high selective pressure on these proteins. RESULTS: We present here a model for the evolution of the genomic organization of alpha-skeletal actin and by molecular modeling, illustrate the structural differences of actin proteins of different phyla. We further describe and compare alpha-skeletal actin expression in two developmental stages of five vertebrate species (mouse, chicken, snake, salamander and fish). Our findings confirm that alpha-skeletal actin is expressed in skeletal muscle and in the heart of all five species. In addition, we identify many novel non-muscular expression domains including several in the central nervous system. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the high sequence homology of alpha-skeletal actins is reflected by similarities of their 3 dimensional protein structures, as well as by conserved gene expression patterns during vertebrate development. Nonetheless, we find here important differences in 3D structures, in gene architectures and identify novel expression domains for this structural and functional important gene. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2443135 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2008 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-24431352008-07-04 Developmental expression of the alpha-skeletal actin gene Bertola, Laura D Ott, Elisabeth B Griepsma, Sander Vonk, Freek J Bagowski, Christoph P BMC Evol Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Actin is a cytoskeletal protein which exerts a broad range of functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. In higher vertebrates, six primary actin isoforms can be distinguished: alpha-skeletal, alpha-cardiac, alpha-smooth muscle, gamma-smooth muscle, beta-cytoplasmic and gamma-cytoplasmic isoactin. Expression of these actin isoforms during vertebrate development is highly regulated in a temporal and tissue-specific manner, but the mechanisms and the specific differences are currently not well understood. All members of the actin multigene family are highly conserved, suggesting that there is a high selective pressure on these proteins. RESULTS: We present here a model for the evolution of the genomic organization of alpha-skeletal actin and by molecular modeling, illustrate the structural differences of actin proteins of different phyla. We further describe and compare alpha-skeletal actin expression in two developmental stages of five vertebrate species (mouse, chicken, snake, salamander and fish). Our findings confirm that alpha-skeletal actin is expressed in skeletal muscle and in the heart of all five species. In addition, we identify many novel non-muscular expression domains including several in the central nervous system. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the high sequence homology of alpha-skeletal actins is reflected by similarities of their 3 dimensional protein structures, as well as by conserved gene expression patterns during vertebrate development. Nonetheless, we find here important differences in 3D structures, in gene architectures and identify novel expression domains for this structural and functional important gene. BioMed Central 2008-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC2443135/ /pubmed/18518953 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-166 Text en Copyright ©2008 Bertola et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bertola, Laura D Ott, Elisabeth B Griepsma, Sander Vonk, Freek J Bagowski, Christoph P Developmental expression of the alpha-skeletal actin gene |
title | Developmental expression of the alpha-skeletal actin gene |
title_full | Developmental expression of the alpha-skeletal actin gene |
title_fullStr | Developmental expression of the alpha-skeletal actin gene |
title_full_unstemmed | Developmental expression of the alpha-skeletal actin gene |
title_short | Developmental expression of the alpha-skeletal actin gene |
title_sort | developmental expression of the alpha-skeletal actin gene |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2443135/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18518953 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-166 |
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