Evaluation of grade and stage in patients with bladder cancer among smokers and non-smokers

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of smoking as a risk factor for higher stages and grades of bladder cancer, for although smoking is considered to be one of the most important risk factors for bladder cancer, its relationship to grade and stage is not clear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 300 patient...

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Autores principales: Chamssuddin, Abdou K., Saadat, Seyed H., Deiri, Kusay, Zarzar, Mohamed Y., Abdouche, Naji, Deeb, Omar, Alia, Loauy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4442935/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26558076
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2012.12.009
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author Chamssuddin, Abdou K.
Saadat, Seyed H.
Deiri, Kusay
Zarzar, Mohamed Y.
Abdouche, Naji
Deeb, Omar
Alia, Loauy
author_facet Chamssuddin, Abdou K.
Saadat, Seyed H.
Deiri, Kusay
Zarzar, Mohamed Y.
Abdouche, Naji
Deeb, Omar
Alia, Loauy
author_sort Chamssuddin, Abdou K.
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of smoking as a risk factor for higher stages and grades of bladder cancer, for although smoking is considered to be one of the most important risk factors for bladder cancer, its relationship to grade and stage is not clear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 300 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were studied to compare the grade and stage and bladder cancer between non-smokers, low-dose, moderate-dose and high-dose smokers. RESULTS: The smokers and non-smokers had no significant difference in tumour grade or stage (P = 0.702 for grade and 0.166 for stage) but the high-dose group had significantly higher grades and stages than the other groups (P = 0.026, odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2–19.1 for grade, and 0.037, 10.91 and 1.16–102.6, respectively, for stage). CONCLUSION: Smoking has a potential dose-dependent effect on the grade and stage of bladder cancer, with high-dose smokers having more aggressive disease. The equality in the aggressiveness of the cancer between smokers in general and non-smokers might be a result of the hazardous effect of passive smoking in countries where smoking is a common habit.
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spelling pubmed-44429352015-11-10 Evaluation of grade and stage in patients with bladder cancer among smokers and non-smokers Chamssuddin, Abdou K. Saadat, Seyed H. Deiri, Kusay Zarzar, Mohamed Y. Abdouche, Naji Deeb, Omar Alia, Loauy Arab J Urol Oncology/Reconstruction OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of smoking as a risk factor for higher stages and grades of bladder cancer, for although smoking is considered to be one of the most important risk factors for bladder cancer, its relationship to grade and stage is not clear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 300 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were studied to compare the grade and stage and bladder cancer between non-smokers, low-dose, moderate-dose and high-dose smokers. RESULTS: The smokers and non-smokers had no significant difference in tumour grade or stage (P = 0.702 for grade and 0.166 for stage) but the high-dose group had significantly higher grades and stages than the other groups (P = 0.026, odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2–19.1 for grade, and 0.037, 10.91 and 1.16–102.6, respectively, for stage). CONCLUSION: Smoking has a potential dose-dependent effect on the grade and stage of bladder cancer, with high-dose smokers having more aggressive disease. The equality in the aggressiveness of the cancer between smokers in general and non-smokers might be a result of the hazardous effect of passive smoking in countries where smoking is a common habit. Elsevier 2013-06 2013-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4442935/ /pubmed/26558076 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2012.12.009 Text en © 2013 Arab Association of Urology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
spellingShingle Oncology/Reconstruction
Chamssuddin, Abdou K.
Saadat, Seyed H.
Deiri, Kusay
Zarzar, Mohamed Y.
Abdouche, Naji
Deeb, Omar
Alia, Loauy
Evaluation of grade and stage in patients with bladder cancer among smokers and non-smokers
title Evaluation of grade and stage in patients with bladder cancer among smokers and non-smokers
title_full Evaluation of grade and stage in patients with bladder cancer among smokers and non-smokers
title_fullStr Evaluation of grade and stage in patients with bladder cancer among smokers and non-smokers
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of grade and stage in patients with bladder cancer among smokers and non-smokers
title_short Evaluation of grade and stage in patients with bladder cancer among smokers and non-smokers
title_sort evaluation of grade and stage in patients with bladder cancer among smokers and non-smokers
topic Oncology/Reconstruction
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4442935/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26558076
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2012.12.009
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