Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation
The centromere is a specialized chromosomal structure essential for chromosome segregation. Centromere dysfunction leads to chromosome segregation errors and genome instability. In most eukaryotes, centromere identity is specified epigenetically by CENP-A, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant. C...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424319/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34493071 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210189 |
_version_ | 1783749651579535360 |
---|---|
author | Dong, Qianhua Yang, Jinpu Gao, Jinxin Li, Fei |
author_facet | Dong, Qianhua Yang, Jinpu Gao, Jinxin Li, Fei |
author_sort | Dong, Qianhua |
collection | PubMed |
description | The centromere is a specialized chromosomal structure essential for chromosome segregation. Centromere dysfunction leads to chromosome segregation errors and genome instability. In most eukaryotes, centromere identity is specified epigenetically by CENP-A, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant. CENP-A replaces histone H3 in centromeres, and nucleates the assembly of the kinetochore complex. Mislocalization of CENP-A to non-centromeric regions causes ectopic assembly of CENP-A chromatin, which has a devastating impact on chromosome segregation and has been linked to a variety of human cancers. How non-centromeric regions are protected from CENP-A misincorporation in normal cells is largely unexplored. Here, we review the most recent advances on the mechanisms underlying the prevention of ectopic centromere formation, and discuss the implications in human disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8424319 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84243192021-09-17 Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation Dong, Qianhua Yang, Jinpu Gao, Jinxin Li, Fei Open Biol Review The centromere is a specialized chromosomal structure essential for chromosome segregation. Centromere dysfunction leads to chromosome segregation errors and genome instability. In most eukaryotes, centromere identity is specified epigenetically by CENP-A, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant. CENP-A replaces histone H3 in centromeres, and nucleates the assembly of the kinetochore complex. Mislocalization of CENP-A to non-centromeric regions causes ectopic assembly of CENP-A chromatin, which has a devastating impact on chromosome segregation and has been linked to a variety of human cancers. How non-centromeric regions are protected from CENP-A misincorporation in normal cells is largely unexplored. Here, we review the most recent advances on the mechanisms underlying the prevention of ectopic centromere formation, and discuss the implications in human disease. The Royal Society 2021-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8424319/ /pubmed/34493071 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210189 Text en © 2021 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Review Dong, Qianhua Yang, Jinpu Gao, Jinxin Li, Fei Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation |
title | Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation |
title_full | Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation |
title_fullStr | Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation |
title_full_unstemmed | Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation |
title_short | Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation |
title_sort | recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424319/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34493071 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210189 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT dongqianhua recentinsightsintomechanismspreventingectopiccentromereformation AT yangjinpu recentinsightsintomechanismspreventingectopiccentromereformation AT gaojinxin recentinsightsintomechanismspreventingectopiccentromereformation AT lifei recentinsightsintomechanismspreventingectopiccentromereformation |