Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation

The centromere is a specialized chromosomal structure essential for chromosome segregation. Centromere dysfunction leads to chromosome segregation errors and genome instability. In most eukaryotes, centromere identity is specified epigenetically by CENP-A, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant. C...

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Autores principales: Dong, Qianhua, Yang, Jinpu, Gao, Jinxin, Li, Fei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424319/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34493071
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210189
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author Dong, Qianhua
Yang, Jinpu
Gao, Jinxin
Li, Fei
author_facet Dong, Qianhua
Yang, Jinpu
Gao, Jinxin
Li, Fei
author_sort Dong, Qianhua
collection PubMed
description The centromere is a specialized chromosomal structure essential for chromosome segregation. Centromere dysfunction leads to chromosome segregation errors and genome instability. In most eukaryotes, centromere identity is specified epigenetically by CENP-A, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant. CENP-A replaces histone H3 in centromeres, and nucleates the assembly of the kinetochore complex. Mislocalization of CENP-A to non-centromeric regions causes ectopic assembly of CENP-A chromatin, which has a devastating impact on chromosome segregation and has been linked to a variety of human cancers. How non-centromeric regions are protected from CENP-A misincorporation in normal cells is largely unexplored. Here, we review the most recent advances on the mechanisms underlying the prevention of ectopic centromere formation, and discuss the implications in human disease.
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spelling pubmed-84243192021-09-17 Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation Dong, Qianhua Yang, Jinpu Gao, Jinxin Li, Fei Open Biol Review The centromere is a specialized chromosomal structure essential for chromosome segregation. Centromere dysfunction leads to chromosome segregation errors and genome instability. In most eukaryotes, centromere identity is specified epigenetically by CENP-A, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant. CENP-A replaces histone H3 in centromeres, and nucleates the assembly of the kinetochore complex. Mislocalization of CENP-A to non-centromeric regions causes ectopic assembly of CENP-A chromatin, which has a devastating impact on chromosome segregation and has been linked to a variety of human cancers. How non-centromeric regions are protected from CENP-A misincorporation in normal cells is largely unexplored. Here, we review the most recent advances on the mechanisms underlying the prevention of ectopic centromere formation, and discuss the implications in human disease. The Royal Society 2021-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8424319/ /pubmed/34493071 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210189 Text en © 2021 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Review
Dong, Qianhua
Yang, Jinpu
Gao, Jinxin
Li, Fei
Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation
title Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation
title_full Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation
title_fullStr Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation
title_full_unstemmed Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation
title_short Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation
title_sort recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424319/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34493071
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210189
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