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An Update on Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Transcripts in Rodent Olfactory Mucosa

Olfactory neurons connect the external environment and the brain, allowing the translocation of materials from the nasal cavity into the brain. The olfactory system is involved in SARS-CoV-2 infections; early in the pandemic declared in 2020, a loss of the sense of smell was found in many infected p...

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Autores principales: Toebbe, JT., Genter, Mary Beth
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9032240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35457160
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084343
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author Toebbe, JT.
Genter, Mary Beth
author_facet Toebbe, JT.
Genter, Mary Beth
author_sort Toebbe, JT.
collection PubMed
description Olfactory neurons connect the external environment and the brain, allowing the translocation of materials from the nasal cavity into the brain. The olfactory system is involved in SARS-CoV-2 infections; early in the pandemic declared in 2020, a loss of the sense of smell was found in many infected patients. Attention has also been focused on the role that the olfactory epithelium appears to play in the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the brain. Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein (ACE2), which is found on supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium. The intranasal administration of sphingosine has been proposed to prevent the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2. Further, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors appear to facilitate the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the brain. The goal of these studies was to characterize S1P receptor expression status in rodent olfactory mucosa. The expression of receptors for a related sphingolipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), was also assessed. The results confirm previous reports of S1P1 and S1P3 receptor expression, as well as LPA receptor 1, in mouse olfactory mucosa; moreover, they extend the previous findings to identify additional S1P and LPA receptor transcripts in rat and mouse olfactory mucosa, as well as in cultured olfactory neurons. These findings may enhance the utility of rodent models in identifying agonists and/or antagonists of S1P and LPA receptors that may block the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses into nasal epithelial cells, and prevent transmission from the nasal cavity into the brain.
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spelling pubmed-90322402022-04-23 An Update on Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Transcripts in Rodent Olfactory Mucosa Toebbe, JT. Genter, Mary Beth Int J Mol Sci Communication Olfactory neurons connect the external environment and the brain, allowing the translocation of materials from the nasal cavity into the brain. The olfactory system is involved in SARS-CoV-2 infections; early in the pandemic declared in 2020, a loss of the sense of smell was found in many infected patients. Attention has also been focused on the role that the olfactory epithelium appears to play in the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the brain. Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein (ACE2), which is found on supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium. The intranasal administration of sphingosine has been proposed to prevent the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2. Further, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors appear to facilitate the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the brain. The goal of these studies was to characterize S1P receptor expression status in rodent olfactory mucosa. The expression of receptors for a related sphingolipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), was also assessed. The results confirm previous reports of S1P1 and S1P3 receptor expression, as well as LPA receptor 1, in mouse olfactory mucosa; moreover, they extend the previous findings to identify additional S1P and LPA receptor transcripts in rat and mouse olfactory mucosa, as well as in cultured olfactory neurons. These findings may enhance the utility of rodent models in identifying agonists and/or antagonists of S1P and LPA receptors that may block the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses into nasal epithelial cells, and prevent transmission from the nasal cavity into the brain. MDPI 2022-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9032240/ /pubmed/35457160 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084343 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Toebbe, JT.
Genter, Mary Beth
An Update on Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Transcripts in Rodent Olfactory Mucosa
title An Update on Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Transcripts in Rodent Olfactory Mucosa
title_full An Update on Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Transcripts in Rodent Olfactory Mucosa
title_fullStr An Update on Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Transcripts in Rodent Olfactory Mucosa
title_full_unstemmed An Update on Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Transcripts in Rodent Olfactory Mucosa
title_short An Update on Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Transcripts in Rodent Olfactory Mucosa
title_sort update on sphingosine-1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid receptor transcripts in rodent olfactory mucosa
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9032240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35457160
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084343
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