Selective deficiencies in descending inhibitory modulation in neuropathic rats: implications for enhancing noradrenergic tone
Pontine noradrenergic neurones form part of a descending inhibitory system that influences spinal nociceptive processing. Weak or absent descending inhibition is a common feature of chronic pain patients. We examined the extent to which the descending noradrenergic system is tonically active, how co...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6095727/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29863529 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001300 |
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author | Patel, Ryan Qu, Chaoling Xie, Jennifer Y. Porreca, Frank Dickenson, Anthony H. |
author_facet | Patel, Ryan Qu, Chaoling Xie, Jennifer Y. Porreca, Frank Dickenson, Anthony H. |
author_sort | Patel, Ryan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pontine noradrenergic neurones form part of a descending inhibitory system that influences spinal nociceptive processing. Weak or absent descending inhibition is a common feature of chronic pain patients. We examined the extent to which the descending noradrenergic system is tonically active, how control of spinal neuronal excitability is integrated into thalamic relays within sensory-discriminative projection pathways, and how this inhibitory control is altered after nerve injury. In vivo electrophysiology was performed in anaesthetised spinal nerve–ligated (SNL) and sham-operated rats to record from wide dynamic range neurones in the ventral posterolateral thalamus (VPL). In sham rats, spinal block of α(2)-adrenoceptors with atipamezole resulted in enhanced stimulus-evoked and spontaneous firing in the VPL, and produced conditioned place avoidance. However, in SNL rats, these conditioned avoidance behaviours were absent. Furthermore, inhibitory control of evoked neuronal responses was lost, but spinal atipamezole markedly increased spontaneous firing. Augmenting spinal noradrenergic tone in neuropathic rats with reboxetine, a selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor, modestly reinstated inhibitory control of evoked responses in the VPL but had no effect on spontaneous firing. By contrast, clonidine, an α(2) agonist, inhibited both evoked and spontaneous firing, and exhibited increased potency in SNL rats compared with sham controls. These data suggest descending noradrenergic inhibitory pathways are tonically active in sham rats. Moreover, in neuropathic states, descending inhibitory control is diminished, but not completely absent, and distinguishes between spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity. These observations may have implications for how analgesics targeting the noradrenergic system provide relief. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6095727 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Wolters Kluwer |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60957272018-09-20 Selective deficiencies in descending inhibitory modulation in neuropathic rats: implications for enhancing noradrenergic tone Patel, Ryan Qu, Chaoling Xie, Jennifer Y. Porreca, Frank Dickenson, Anthony H. Pain Research Paper Pontine noradrenergic neurones form part of a descending inhibitory system that influences spinal nociceptive processing. Weak or absent descending inhibition is a common feature of chronic pain patients. We examined the extent to which the descending noradrenergic system is tonically active, how control of spinal neuronal excitability is integrated into thalamic relays within sensory-discriminative projection pathways, and how this inhibitory control is altered after nerve injury. In vivo electrophysiology was performed in anaesthetised spinal nerve–ligated (SNL) and sham-operated rats to record from wide dynamic range neurones in the ventral posterolateral thalamus (VPL). In sham rats, spinal block of α(2)-adrenoceptors with atipamezole resulted in enhanced stimulus-evoked and spontaneous firing in the VPL, and produced conditioned place avoidance. However, in SNL rats, these conditioned avoidance behaviours were absent. Furthermore, inhibitory control of evoked neuronal responses was lost, but spinal atipamezole markedly increased spontaneous firing. Augmenting spinal noradrenergic tone in neuropathic rats with reboxetine, a selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor, modestly reinstated inhibitory control of evoked responses in the VPL but had no effect on spontaneous firing. By contrast, clonidine, an α(2) agonist, inhibited both evoked and spontaneous firing, and exhibited increased potency in SNL rats compared with sham controls. These data suggest descending noradrenergic inhibitory pathways are tonically active in sham rats. Moreover, in neuropathic states, descending inhibitory control is diminished, but not completely absent, and distinguishes between spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity. These observations may have implications for how analgesics targeting the noradrenergic system provide relief. Wolters Kluwer 2018-09 2018-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6095727/ /pubmed/29863529 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001300 Text en Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Pain. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Patel, Ryan Qu, Chaoling Xie, Jennifer Y. Porreca, Frank Dickenson, Anthony H. Selective deficiencies in descending inhibitory modulation in neuropathic rats: implications for enhancing noradrenergic tone |
title | Selective deficiencies in descending inhibitory modulation in neuropathic rats: implications for enhancing noradrenergic tone |
title_full | Selective deficiencies in descending inhibitory modulation in neuropathic rats: implications for enhancing noradrenergic tone |
title_fullStr | Selective deficiencies in descending inhibitory modulation in neuropathic rats: implications for enhancing noradrenergic tone |
title_full_unstemmed | Selective deficiencies in descending inhibitory modulation in neuropathic rats: implications for enhancing noradrenergic tone |
title_short | Selective deficiencies in descending inhibitory modulation in neuropathic rats: implications for enhancing noradrenergic tone |
title_sort | selective deficiencies in descending inhibitory modulation in neuropathic rats: implications for enhancing noradrenergic tone |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6095727/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29863529 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001300 |
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