A randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of two teaching methods on preschool children’s language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math skills
BACKGROUND: During the preschool years, children’s development of skills like language and communication, executive functions, and socioemotional comprehension undergo dramatic development. Still, our knowledge of how these skills are enhanced is limited. The preschool contexts constitute a well-sui...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6729003/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31488204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0325-9 |
_version_ | 1783449523249479680 |
---|---|
author | Gerholm, Tove Kallioinen, Petter Tonér, Signe Frankenberg, Sofia Kjällander, Susanne Palmer, Anna Lenz-Taguchi, Hillevi |
author_facet | Gerholm, Tove Kallioinen, Petter Tonér, Signe Frankenberg, Sofia Kjällander, Susanne Palmer, Anna Lenz-Taguchi, Hillevi |
author_sort | Gerholm, Tove |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: During the preschool years, children’s development of skills like language and communication, executive functions, and socioemotional comprehension undergo dramatic development. Still, our knowledge of how these skills are enhanced is limited. The preschool contexts constitute a well-suited arena for investigating these skills and hold the potential for giving children an equal opportunity preparing for the school years to come. The present study compared two pedagogical methods in the Swedish preschool context as to their effect on language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math. The study targeted children in the age span four-to-six-year-old, with an additional focus on these children’s backgrounds in terms of socioeconomic status, age, gender, number of languages, time spent at preschool, and preschool start. An additional goal of the study was to add to prior research by aiming at disentangling the relationship between the investigated variables. METHOD: The study constitutes a randomized controlled trial including 18 preschools and 29 preschool units, with a total of 431 children, and 98 teachers. The interventions lasted for 6 weeks, preceded by pre-testing and followed by post-testing of the children. Randomization was conducted on the level of preschool unit, to either of the two interventions or to control. The interventions consisted of a socioemotional and material learning paradigm (SEMLA) and a digitally implemented attention and math training paradigm (DIL). The preschools were further evaluated with ECERS-3. The main analysis was a series of univariate mixed regression models, where the nested structure of individuals, preschool units and preschools were modeled using random variables. RESULTS: The result of the intervention shows that neither of the two intervention paradigms had measurable effects on the targeted skills. However, there were results as to the follow-up questions, such as executive functions predicting all other variables (language and communication, socioemotional comprehension, and math). Background variables were related to each other in patterns congruent with earlier findings, such as socioeconomic status predicting outcome measures across the board. The results are discussed in relation to intervention fidelity, length of intervention, preschool quality, and the impact of background variables on children’s developmental trajectories and life prospects. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s40359-019-0325-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6729003 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67290032019-09-12 A randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of two teaching methods on preschool children’s language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math skills Gerholm, Tove Kallioinen, Petter Tonér, Signe Frankenberg, Sofia Kjällander, Susanne Palmer, Anna Lenz-Taguchi, Hillevi BMC Psychol Research Article BACKGROUND: During the preschool years, children’s development of skills like language and communication, executive functions, and socioemotional comprehension undergo dramatic development. Still, our knowledge of how these skills are enhanced is limited. The preschool contexts constitute a well-suited arena for investigating these skills and hold the potential for giving children an equal opportunity preparing for the school years to come. The present study compared two pedagogical methods in the Swedish preschool context as to their effect on language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math. The study targeted children in the age span four-to-six-year-old, with an additional focus on these children’s backgrounds in terms of socioeconomic status, age, gender, number of languages, time spent at preschool, and preschool start. An additional goal of the study was to add to prior research by aiming at disentangling the relationship between the investigated variables. METHOD: The study constitutes a randomized controlled trial including 18 preschools and 29 preschool units, with a total of 431 children, and 98 teachers. The interventions lasted for 6 weeks, preceded by pre-testing and followed by post-testing of the children. Randomization was conducted on the level of preschool unit, to either of the two interventions or to control. The interventions consisted of a socioemotional and material learning paradigm (SEMLA) and a digitally implemented attention and math training paradigm (DIL). The preschools were further evaluated with ECERS-3. The main analysis was a series of univariate mixed regression models, where the nested structure of individuals, preschool units and preschools were modeled using random variables. RESULTS: The result of the intervention shows that neither of the two intervention paradigms had measurable effects on the targeted skills. However, there were results as to the follow-up questions, such as executive functions predicting all other variables (language and communication, socioemotional comprehension, and math). Background variables were related to each other in patterns congruent with earlier findings, such as socioeconomic status predicting outcome measures across the board. The results are discussed in relation to intervention fidelity, length of intervention, preschool quality, and the impact of background variables on children’s developmental trajectories and life prospects. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s40359-019-0325-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2019-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6729003/ /pubmed/31488204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0325-9 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Gerholm, Tove Kallioinen, Petter Tonér, Signe Frankenberg, Sofia Kjällander, Susanne Palmer, Anna Lenz-Taguchi, Hillevi A randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of two teaching methods on preschool children’s language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math skills |
title | A randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of two teaching methods on preschool children’s language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math skills |
title_full | A randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of two teaching methods on preschool children’s language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math skills |
title_fullStr | A randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of two teaching methods on preschool children’s language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math skills |
title_full_unstemmed | A randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of two teaching methods on preschool children’s language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math skills |
title_short | A randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of two teaching methods on preschool children’s language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math skills |
title_sort | randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of two teaching methods on preschool children’s language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math skills |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6729003/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31488204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0325-9 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT gerholmtove arandomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT kallioinenpetter arandomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT tonersigne arandomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT frankenbergsofia arandomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT kjallandersusanne arandomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT palmeranna arandomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT lenztaguchihillevi arandomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT gerholmtove randomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT kallioinenpetter randomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT tonersigne randomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT frankenbergsofia randomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT kjallandersusanne randomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT palmeranna randomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills AT lenztaguchihillevi randomizedcontrolledtrialtoexaminetheeffectoftwoteachingmethodsonpreschoolchildrenslanguageandcommunicationexecutivefunctionssocioemotionalcomprehensionandearlymathskills |