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Online Feature Selection for Robust Classification of the Microbiological Quality of Traditional Vanilla Cream by Means of Multispectral Imaging
The performance of an Unsupervised Online feature Selection (UOS) algorithm was investigated for the selection of training features of multispectral images acquired from a dairy product (vanilla cream) stored under isothermal conditions. The selected features were further used as input in a support...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6806099/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547154 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194071 |
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author | Lianou, Alexandra Mencattini, Arianna Catini, Alexandro Di Natale, Corrado Nychas, George-John E. Martinelli, Eugenio Panagou, Efstathios Z. |
author_facet | Lianou, Alexandra Mencattini, Arianna Catini, Alexandro Di Natale, Corrado Nychas, George-John E. Martinelli, Eugenio Panagou, Efstathios Z. |
author_sort | Lianou, Alexandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | The performance of an Unsupervised Online feature Selection (UOS) algorithm was investigated for the selection of training features of multispectral images acquired from a dairy product (vanilla cream) stored under isothermal conditions. The selected features were further used as input in a support vector machine (SVM) model with linear kernel for the determination of the microbiological quality of vanilla cream. Model training (n = 65) was based on two batches of cream samples provided directly by the manufacturer and stored at different isothermal conditions (4, 8, 12, and 15 °C), whereas model testing (n = 132) and validation (n = 48) were based on real life conditions by analyzing samples from different retail outlets as well as expired samples from the market. Qualitative analysis was performed for the discrimination of cream samples in two microbiological quality classes based on the values of total viable counts [TVC ≤ 2.0 log CFU/g (fresh samples) and TVC ≥ 6.0 log CFU/g (spoiled samples)]. Results exhibited good performance with an overall accuracy of classification for the two classes of 91.7% for model validation. Further on, the model was extended to include the samples in the TVC range 2–6 log CFU/g, using 1 log step to define the microbiological quality of classes in order to assess the potential of the model to estimate increasing microbial populations. Results demonstrated that high rates of correct classification could be obtained in the range of 2–5 log CFU/g, whereas the percentage of erroneous classification increased in the TVC class (5,6) that was close to the spoilage level of the product. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the UOS algorithm in tandem with spectral data acquired from multispectral imaging could be a promising method for real-time assessment of the microbiological quality of vanilla cream samples. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6806099 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68060992019-11-07 Online Feature Selection for Robust Classification of the Microbiological Quality of Traditional Vanilla Cream by Means of Multispectral Imaging Lianou, Alexandra Mencattini, Arianna Catini, Alexandro Di Natale, Corrado Nychas, George-John E. Martinelli, Eugenio Panagou, Efstathios Z. Sensors (Basel) Article The performance of an Unsupervised Online feature Selection (UOS) algorithm was investigated for the selection of training features of multispectral images acquired from a dairy product (vanilla cream) stored under isothermal conditions. The selected features were further used as input in a support vector machine (SVM) model with linear kernel for the determination of the microbiological quality of vanilla cream. Model training (n = 65) was based on two batches of cream samples provided directly by the manufacturer and stored at different isothermal conditions (4, 8, 12, and 15 °C), whereas model testing (n = 132) and validation (n = 48) were based on real life conditions by analyzing samples from different retail outlets as well as expired samples from the market. Qualitative analysis was performed for the discrimination of cream samples in two microbiological quality classes based on the values of total viable counts [TVC ≤ 2.0 log CFU/g (fresh samples) and TVC ≥ 6.0 log CFU/g (spoiled samples)]. Results exhibited good performance with an overall accuracy of classification for the two classes of 91.7% for model validation. Further on, the model was extended to include the samples in the TVC range 2–6 log CFU/g, using 1 log step to define the microbiological quality of classes in order to assess the potential of the model to estimate increasing microbial populations. Results demonstrated that high rates of correct classification could be obtained in the range of 2–5 log CFU/g, whereas the percentage of erroneous classification increased in the TVC class (5,6) that was close to the spoilage level of the product. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the UOS algorithm in tandem with spectral data acquired from multispectral imaging could be a promising method for real-time assessment of the microbiological quality of vanilla cream samples. MDPI 2019-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6806099/ /pubmed/31547154 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194071 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lianou, Alexandra Mencattini, Arianna Catini, Alexandro Di Natale, Corrado Nychas, George-John E. Martinelli, Eugenio Panagou, Efstathios Z. Online Feature Selection for Robust Classification of the Microbiological Quality of Traditional Vanilla Cream by Means of Multispectral Imaging |
title | Online Feature Selection for Robust Classification of the Microbiological Quality of Traditional Vanilla Cream by Means of Multispectral Imaging |
title_full | Online Feature Selection for Robust Classification of the Microbiological Quality of Traditional Vanilla Cream by Means of Multispectral Imaging |
title_fullStr | Online Feature Selection for Robust Classification of the Microbiological Quality of Traditional Vanilla Cream by Means of Multispectral Imaging |
title_full_unstemmed | Online Feature Selection for Robust Classification of the Microbiological Quality of Traditional Vanilla Cream by Means of Multispectral Imaging |
title_short | Online Feature Selection for Robust Classification of the Microbiological Quality of Traditional Vanilla Cream by Means of Multispectral Imaging |
title_sort | online feature selection for robust classification of the microbiological quality of traditional vanilla cream by means of multispectral imaging |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6806099/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547154 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194071 |
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